Tónicoclonic

Tonic-clonic is a term used to describe a specific type of seizure, previously known as a grand mal seizure. It is characterized by two distinct phases. The tonic phase involves a sudden loss of consciousness and muscle rigidity throughout the body. During this phase, the person may fall if standing, and their body will become stiff. The clonic phase follows the tonic phase and is characterized by repeated, rhythmic jerking or twitching movements of the limbs and torso. These contractions can be quite forceful.

During a tonic-clonic seizure, the person is typically unresponsive and may experience loss of bladder or bowel control. Breathing can be irregular, and the person may make vocalizations. The seizure usually lasts for a few minutes. After the seizure ends, the person may experience a period of confusion, drowsiness, and muscle soreness, known as the postictal state. This recovery phase can vary in length from person to person.

Tonic-clonic seizures can occur as part of various epilepsy syndromes or can be caused by other neurological conditions such as brain injury, stroke, or infection. Diagnosis involves a medical history, neurological examination, and often an electroencephalogram (EEG) to record brain activity. Treatment aims to control or prevent future seizures, typically through anti-epileptic medications. In some cases, other treatments like surgery or dietary changes may be considered. It is important to seek medical attention if a person experiences a seizure.