Sättigungsdampfdruck

Sättigungsdampfdruck refers to the pressure exerted by a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phases (solid or liquid) at a given temperature. It represents the maximum partial pressure that a vapor can exert in a mixture of gases at that specific temperature. When the partial pressure of a vapor reaches its saturation vapor pressure, the vapor is considered saturated, and condensation will occur if the pressure increases further or the temperature decreases.

This phenomenon is a fundamental concept in thermodynamics and is crucial for understanding phase transitions, such as evaporation and condensation. The saturation vapor pressure is highly dependent on temperature; it increases significantly with rising temperatures. For water, for instance, the saturation vapor pressure at 100 degrees Celsius is equal to atmospheric pressure, which is why water boils at this temperature under standard conditions.

The Sättigungsdampfdruck is a key property used in various scientific and engineering applications, including meteorology, refrigeration, chemical engineering, and materials science. It helps predict how much water vapor can be held in the atmosphere, how refrigerants will behave in closed systems, and the conditions required for certain chemical reactions or material processing. Understanding this pressure is essential for accurately modeling and controlling processes involving phase changes of liquids or solids into gases.