Säteilyaltistuminen

Säteilyaltistuminen refers to the exposure of a person or organism to ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation is a type of energy that can dislodge electrons from atoms and molecules, a process called ionization. This can occur from natural sources like cosmic rays and terrestrial radiation, as well as from artificial sources such as medical imaging equipment, nuclear power plants, and industrial applications.

The level of radiation exposure is measured in units like sieverts (Sv) or millisieverts (mSv). Even low levels of radiation can increase the risk of long-term health effects, primarily cancer. Higher doses of radiation can cause acute radiation syndrome, characterized by symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and hair loss, with severe cases leading to organ damage and death.

Protection against radiation exposure involves several principles. Time, distance, and shielding are key. Minimizing the time spent near a radiation source, increasing the distance from it, and using appropriate shielding materials like lead or concrete can significantly reduce exposure. In medical settings, practices like ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) are employed to minimize patient and staff exposure. Regulatory bodies set dose limits to protect the public and workers. Monitoring and assessment of radiation levels are also crucial for managing and mitigating risks associated with säteilyaltistuminen.