Substituované

Substituované is a Czech adjective formed from the verb substituovat (to substitute) and used to describe something that has undergone substitution, i.e., where one element has been replaced by another. It is an inflected form that agrees with the noun it modifies in gender, number, and case.

In chemistry, substituované sloučeniny are compounds in which one or more atoms or groups in a parent molecule have been replaced by different atoms or groups. A common context is aromatic chemistry, where the positions of substituents on a ring are named with prefixes such as ortho, meta, and para, indicating how substituents are arranged relative to one another. Examples include chlorobenzene, toluene, and nitrobenzene, and more complex derivatives formed by successive substitutions.

In linguistics, substitution is a process by which one linguistic unit is replaced by another within a form, phrase, or utterance. Substituované forms describe instances where a unit has been replaced in this manner, which can occur in morphology, phonology, or syntax as part of natural language change or analysis.

In cryptography, substitution refers to schemes where plaintext symbols are systematically replaced with ciphertext symbols according to a fixed mapping. Substitution ciphers are among the oldest and simplest encryption methods and illustrate the general idea of substitution applied to information security.

Across disciplines, substituované signals that a modification has taken place through replacement, capturing a wide range of practices from chemistry and language to information security.