Subkostaalilihakset

Subkostaalilihakset, also known as subcostal muscles, are a group of muscles located beneath the costal margin of the ribs in the human body. They play a crucial role in the mechanics of breathing and respiratory function. The primary subkostaalilihakset include the internal intercostal muscles, which are responsible for the downward and inward movement of the ribs during inhalation, and the transversus thoracis muscle, which aids in the stabilization of the ribcage.

The internal intercostal muscles are further divided into three layers: the innermost intercostal muscles, the internal intercostals, and the outermost intercostal muscles, the external intercostals. The internal intercostals are innervated by the intercostal nerves and are primarily responsible for the inspiratory phase of breathing. They contract to pull the ribs downward and inward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and facilitating the intake of air.

The transversus thoracis muscle is a deep muscle located between the internal intercostal muscles and the costal pleura. It is innervated by the intercostal nerves and plays a role in the stabilization of the ribcage during breathing. It also contributes to the expiratory phase by pulling the ribs upward and outward, reducing the volume of the thoracic cavity and facilitating the expulsion of air.

Subkostaalilihakset are essential for normal respiratory function and are involved in both the inspiratory and expiratory phases of breathing. They are also important in maintaining the integrity of the ribcage and protecting the underlying organs. Any dysfunction or weakness in these muscles can lead to respiratory difficulties and other related health issues.