Streptococcuszooepidemicus

Streptococcus zooepidemicus is a species of Gram-positive bacteria belonging to the Streptococcus genus. It is a facultative anaerobic bacterium that is part of the normal flora of the upper respiratory tract and genital tract of various animal species, including horses, cattle, pigs, and birds. While typically commensal in its natural hosts, S. zooepidemicus can act as an opportunistic pathogen, causing a range of infections in both animals and humans.

In animals, infections can manifest as respiratory disease, mastitis, metritis, and abortion. Horses are particularly susceptible to S. zooepidemicus, which can cause strangles-like disease, uterine infections, and foal pneumonia. In livestock, it can lead to significant economic losses due to reduced productivity and mortality.

Human infections with S. zooepidemicus are less common but can be severe. Transmission to humans typically occurs through direct contact with infected animals or their bodily fluids, or through consumption of contaminated raw milk or undercooked meat. Zoonotic infections can result in a variety of conditions, including pharyngitis, tonsillitis, endocarditis, meningitis, sepsis, and osteomyelitis. Individuals with weakened immune systems or pre-existing conditions are at higher risk of developing severe disease. Diagnosis usually involves bacterial culture and identification from clinical samples. Treatment typically involves antibiotics, with penicillin and cephalosporins being commonly used. Prevention strategies focus on good animal husbandry practices, hygienic handling of animal products, and avoiding contact with sick animals.