Stratigraphys

Stratigraphy is a branch of geology that studies rock layers, called strata, and their sequence. It aims to understand the Earth's history by examining the arrangement and characteristics of these layers. The fundamental principle of stratigraphy is the law of superposition, which states that in an undisturbed sequence of rock layers, the oldest layers are at the bottom and the youngest layers are at the top. Geologists use stratigraphy to correlate rock units across different locations and to determine the relative ages of geological events. Key concepts include lithostratigraphy, which classifies rocks based on their lithology or physical characteristics; biostratigraphy, which uses fossils to date and correlate rock layers; and chronostratigraphy, which attempts to define rock units corresponding to specific intervals of geologic time. Stratigraphic principles are essential for understanding depositional environments, tectonic history, and the evolution of life on Earth. By studying the patterns and changes within rock strata, geologists can reconstruct past landscapes, climates, and the geological processes that shaped our planet over millions of years.