Storhjärnbarken

Storhjärnbarken, also known as the cerebral cortex, is the outermost layer of the cerebrum in the brain. It is a highly folded sheet of neural tissue that plays a crucial role in higher-level cognitive functions. The cortex is characterized by its numerous convolutions, called gyri (ridges) and sulci (grooves), which significantly increase its surface area. This increased surface area allows for a greater number of neurons to be packed into the limited volume of the skull.

The storhjärnbark is divided into two hemispheres, left and right, which are connected by a thick band of nerve fibers called the corpus callosum. Each hemisphere is further divided into four lobes: the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe. Each lobe is associated with distinct functions. The frontal lobe is primarily involved in executive functions, such as planning, decision-making, and voluntary movement. The parietal lobe processes sensory information, including touch, temperature, pain, and pressure, and is also involved in spatial awareness. The temporal lobe is responsible for auditory processing, memory, and language comprehension. The occipital lobe is dedicated to processing visual information.

The storhjärnbark is composed of gray matter, which consists of neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, and glial cells. Beneath the gray matter lies white matter, composed mainly of myelinated axons that form nerve tracts connecting different brain regions. The complex network of neurons and their connections within the storhjärnbark underlies consciousness, thought, language, memory, and perception.