Splanchnicrelated

Splanchnic-related is an adjective used in anatomy, physiology, and medicine to describe structures, functions, or disorders associated with the splanchnic region, i.e., the viscera within the thoracoabdominal cavity and their neural and vascular supply. The term derives from the Greek splanchna, meaning viscera.

Anatomy and innervation: The splanchnic system includes the abdominal viscera and their autonomic nerve supply. The thoracic splanchnic nerves (greater, lesser, and least) carry preganglionic sympathetic fibers to prevertebral ganglia such as the celiac, superior mesenteric, and aorticorenal ganglia, where they synapse and send postganglionic fibers to the abdominal organs. Parasympathetic innervation is provided mainly by the vagus nerve for foregut and midgut structures, and by the pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2–S4) for hindgut and pelvic organs.

Circulation and physiology: Splanchnic circulation refers to blood flow to the abdominal viscera supplied by the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery, with drainage via the portal venous system to the liver. This vascular bed has substantial reservoir capacity and can be dynamically redistributed during conditions such as exercise or shock, affecting systemic hemodynamics and organ perfusion.

Clinical relevance: In clinical contexts, splanchnic-related topics include mesenteric ischemia, portal hypertension, variceal disease, and autonomic disorders affecting visceral function. Imaging, endovascular interventions, and surgical approaches may address splanchnic vessels or nerves. Research often explores autonomic regulation of digestion, visceral pain, and the role of splanchnic circulation in critical illness.