SpeiseröhrenSphinkter

The SpeiseröhrenSphinkter, also known as the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) in English, is a muscular ring located at the junction where the esophagus meets the stomach. Its primary function is to act as a valve, preventing the acidic contents of the stomach from flowing backward into the esophagus, a process known as gastroesophageal reflux. When food or liquid is swallowed, the LES relaxes to allow passage into the stomach and then promptly closes to maintain the barrier.

The LES is composed of smooth muscle, which is controlled by the autonomic nervous system. It operates involuntarily, meaning its actions are not under conscious control. The pressure exerted by the LES is crucial for preventing reflux. When this sphincter is weakened or fails to close properly, stomach acid can irritate the esophageal lining, leading to symptoms of heartburn and potentially contributing to conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Factors such as certain foods, obesity, and pregnancy can influence LES function and contribute to reflux. Understanding the role of the SpeiseröhrenSphinkter is important in comprehending digestive health and common gastrointestinal issues.