Sp2hybridoitunut

Sp2hybridoitunut, or sp2 hybridization, is a concept in chemistry that describes the mixing of one s atomic orbital and two p atomic orbitals to form three degenerate (equal in energy) sp2 hybrid orbitals. This type of hybridization is characteristic of atoms that form double bonds, such as carbon atoms in alkenes. When an atom undergoes sp2 hybridization, one of its original p orbitals remains unhybridized and is oriented perpendicular to the plane formed by the three sp2 hybrid orbitals. These three sp2 hybrid orbitals lie in a single plane and are directed towards the corners of an equilateral triangle, with bond angles of approximately 120 degrees between them. The unhybridized p orbital is available for pi bonding. For example, in ethene (C2H4), each carbon atom is sp2 hybridized. Two sp2 orbitals from each carbon atom overlap to form a sigma bond between the carbon atoms. The remaining sp2 orbitals on each carbon atom overlap with the sp2 orbitals of hydrogen atoms to form C-H sigma bonds. The unhybridized p orbitals on each carbon atom overlap side-by-side, forming a pi bond above and below the plane of the molecule. This pi bond is responsible for the rigidity and reactivity of the double bond. Sp2 hybridization is a fundamental concept for understanding the structure and bonding in a vast array of organic and inorganic molecules.