Sozialversicherungsrechtlich

Sozialversicherung, or social insurance, is a system of compulsory, earnings-related protection in Germany designed to provide income security and access to essential services in case of illness, disability, unemployment, old age, or work-related accidents. It operates on the principle of solidarity, pooling risks across workers and employers and across generations.

The main branches are health insurance (Krankenkassen), pension insurance (Rentenversicherung), unemployment insurance (Arbeitslosenversicherung), long-term care insurance (Pflegeversicherung), and accident insurance (Unfallversicherung). Health, pension, unemployment, and care insurance are funded through payroll contributions shared by employees and employers, with amounts and ceilings set by law. Accident insurance is typically funded by employers and administered through accident insurance institutions (Berufsgenossenschaften). Some individuals, such as certain self-employed people or higher earners, may participate in private or opt into statutory schemes depending on eligibility and choice.

Organization and administration involve a mix of statutory bodies, funds, and public agencies. The system includes a range of Krankenkassen (health funds) that cover services and reimbursements, and state or federally governed bodies that oversee pension and employment benefits. Contributions are calculated from income up to a statutory ceiling, with different schemes applying to different branches.

Historically, the modern Sozialversicherung was established in the late 19th century under Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, beginning with health insurance (1883), followed by pension and accident insurance, and later care insurance. Today it remains a core element of Germany’s welfare state, providing universal minimum protection and shaping labor-market outcomes, with ongoing reforms to address demographic and economic changes.