Siwalkik

Siwalkik is a mountain range in the Himalayas, located in the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand. It forms a part of the outer Himalayas, stretching over 240 kilometers in length. The range is bounded by the Himalayan rivers, including the Ganges and Yamuna, to the south and the Garhwal Himalayas to the north.

The Siwalkik range is primarily composed of alluvial deposits and sediments, which are the result of tectonic plate movements and erosion over millions of years. The rocks in this region are mainly of Mesozoic and Cenozoic age, consisting of shale, sandstone, and conglomerate. The range is rich in fossils, particularly of the extinct Proboscidea, which were first identified in the region by the British geologist H. Falconer.

Geologically, the Siwalkik range is considered to be at the triassic and early Jurassic boundary, which provides valuable insights into the earth's geological history. The Siwalkik formation consists of several alternating layers, varying from 300 to 1,500 meters in thickness. These layers provide significant evidence of arid and glacial conditions during the Mesozoic era, preceding the humid and humid-tropical climate that is characteristic of the region today.

The Siwalkik range is home to various species of flora and fauna, many of which are endemic to this region. The region also attracts tourists seeking adventure, nature, and spiritual experiences.