Silikaatne

Silikaatne refers to compounds containing silicon and oxygen, typically in the form of silica (SiO2) or silicates. This broad category encompasses a vast array of minerals, materials, and chemical substances that are fundamental to geology and materials science. The most basic silicate unit is the tetrahedron, consisting of one silicon atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. These tetrahedra can link together in various ways, forming different crystal structures and thus giving rise to the diverse mineral families found in the Earth's crust.

Common examples of silicates include quartz, feldspar, mica, and olivine, which are primary components of rocks. Industrially, silicates are crucial. Sodium silicate, often called water glass, is used in detergents, adhesives, and as a binder. Silicones, a family of synthetic polymers containing silicon-oxygen backbones, are known for their thermal stability, water repellency, and electrical insulation properties, finding applications in sealants, lubricants, medical devices, and cookware. The abundance of silicon and oxygen in the Earth's crust makes silicates the most common type of mineral group. Their varied properties and widespread occurrence underscore their significance in both natural processes and human technological advancements.