Sienirihmoihin

Sienirihmoihin is a Finnish term used in mycology to denote the fungal hyphae—the thread‑like filaments that compose the main body of most fungi. Hyphae grow by extension at their tips and, depending on species, may be septate, containing cross-walls that divide the filament into cells, or coenocytic, with a continuous cytoplasm. Their cell walls are typically made of chitin and glucans, and they are key sites of cellular activity.

Hyphae form the mycelium, the network that explores substrate and absorbs nutrients. They secrete enzymes into their surroundings to break down complex organic matter, such as cellulose, lignin, and other polymers, enabling fungi to use a wide range of substrates.

In ecosystems, hyphae drive nutrient cycling and decomposition. They establish symbiotic relationships with plants, most notably mycorrhizae, where fungal hyphae extend the root system to improve water and nutrient uptake in exchange for carbon from the plant. Mycorrhizal associations are categorized into arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal types, among others. Hyphae can also act as pathogens, invading plant tissues or animal hosts and contributing to disease.

Reproduction involves hyphae producing spores through specialized structures, leading to the spread of fungi. The study of sienirihmoihin covers their morphology, growth dynamics, enzymatic capabilities, and ecological roles, illustrating their central place in fungal biology and terrestrial ecosystems.