Sichtfaktor

Sichtfaktor, also known as the visibility factor or visibility index, is a meteorological term used to describe the horizontal visibility in the atmosphere. It refers to the greatest distance at which a black object of suitable dimensions can be seen against the sky background, typically measured in meters or kilometers. This measurement is crucial for aviation, maritime navigation, and road safety, as reduced visibility can significantly impact travel and operations.

Visibility is influenced by various atmospheric conditions, including fog, mist, haze, dust, smoke, and precipitation. The presence of particles or droplets in the air scatters and absorbs light, reducing the distance at which objects can be clearly seen. The Sichtfaktor is often recorded in weather reports and forecasts, particularly in aviation contexts, where it is essential for determining flight safety and operational decisions.

In aviation, visibility is classified into categories such as visual meteorological conditions (VMC) and instrument meteorological conditions (IMC). For example, an airport may require a minimum visibility of 800 meters for takeoffs and landings under VMC. The Sichtfaktor is measured using instruments like the transmissometer or visually by trained observers, though modern systems increasingly rely on automated sensors for accuracy and consistency.

While visibility is often associated with cloud cover and precipitation, it can also be affected by pollution, volcanic ash, or natural dust storms. Understanding and monitoring the Sichtfaktor helps authorities and travelers make informed decisions to mitigate risks associated with poor visibility. In road transportation, visibility is particularly important during adverse weather, as reduced Sichtfaktor can increase the likelihood of accidents.