Sellüloz

Sellüloz, also known as cellulose, is a complex organic compound and the main structural component of the primary cell wall of green plants. It is a polysaccharide, meaning it is a long chain of sugar molecules, specifically glucose units. Cellulose is the most abundant organic polymer on Earth, making up a significant portion of plant matter such as wood, cotton, and paper. Its rigid structure provides support and strength to plant tissues.

Chemically, cellulose is composed of repeating glucose units linked by beta-1,4 glycosidic bonds. This specific type of linkage makes cellulose indigestible by most animals, including humans, because they lack the necessary enzyme (cellulase) to break it down. However, certain microorganisms, such as bacteria and protozoa found in the digestive tracts of herbivores, can ferment and break down cellulose, releasing energy.

In industrial applications, cellulose is a versatile material. It is the primary raw material for the production of paper and textiles, such as cotton and linen. It is also used in the manufacturing of a wide range of products, including cellophane, rayon, and various derivatives like cellulose acetate and methylcellulose, which find applications in food, pharmaceuticals, and construction. Its biodegradability makes it an environmentally friendly material in many contexts.