Selkäydintulehduksen

Selkäydintulehdus, also known as myelitis, is a neurological disorder characterized by inflammation of the spinal cord. This inflammation can damage nerve fibers and disrupt the transmission of signals between the brain and the rest of the body. The causes of selkäydintulehdus are diverse and can include infections, autoimmune diseases, and other inflammatory conditions.

Infections such as enteroviruses, West Nile virus, and certain bacteria can directly attack the spinal cord, leading to inflammation. Autoimmune conditions, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues, are a common cause. Examples include multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), which can cause recurrent episodes of myelitis. Other triggers can include vaccinations or reactions to certain medications.

Symptoms of selkäydintulehdus can vary depending on the location and extent of the spinal cord affected. They often develop rapidly, over hours to days, and can include muscle weakness, numbness or tingling sensations, pain, and problems with bladder or bowel control. In severe cases, paralysis can occur.

Diagnosis typically involves a thorough medical history, neurological examination, and imaging tests such as MRI to visualize inflammation in the spinal cord. Laboratory tests, including spinal fluid analysis, may be used to identify infections or other underlying causes. Treatment aims to reduce inflammation, manage symptoms, and address the underlying cause. This can involve corticosteroids, plasma exchange, or antiviral medications depending on the etiology. Rehabilitation therapy is often crucial for recovery and improving function.