Sejtpusztítás

Sejtpusztítás, a Hungarian term meaning cell death, refers to the programmed or unprogrammed demise of a cell. Programmed cell death, known as apoptosis, is a vital biological process that eliminates unwanted or damaged cells in a controlled manner. This is crucial for development, tissue homeostasis, and defense against pathogens. Apoptosis involves a series of events leading to the cell's shrinkage, fragmentation into membrane-bound vesicles, and engulfment by phagocytic cells, preventing inflammation.

Uncontrolled cell death, or necrosis, typically occurs due to injury, toxins, or lack of oxygen. Unlike apoptosis, necrosis is a passive and messy process. The cell swells and bursts, releasing its contents into the surrounding environment, which can trigger an inflammatory response. Understanding the mechanisms of both apoptosis and necrosis is fundamental in various fields of biology and medicine, including cancer research, immunology, and regenerative medicine. Dysregulation of cell death pathways can contribute to diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and autoimmune conditions. Research into sejtpusztítás aims to develop therapeutic strategies that can modulate these processes to treat or prevent disease.