Sejtplazma

Sejtplazma refers to the cytoplasmic region of a cell, the gel-like material inside the plasma membrane and excluding the nucleus. The term is used in some languages as the equivalent of the English word cytoplasm. It comprises the cytosol and the various organelles and inclusions suspended within it.

In eukaryotic cells, the cytoplasm includes membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and ribosomes, along with vesicles and the cytoskeleton. In plant cells, chloroplasts are also present within the cytoplasm. In prokaryotic cells there are no membrane-bound organelles, but the cytoplasm still contains the nucleoid region, ribosomes, enzymes, and other components.

Functions of the sejtplazma include hosting most metabolic processes, such as glycolysis, protein synthesis in the cytosol, and various enzymatic reactions. It provides a medium for diffusion of nutrients, ions, and waste products and acts as a workspace for macromolecule assembly. The cytoskeleton within the cytoplasm—comprising microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules—gives the cell shape, facilitates movement, and enables transport of organelles and vesicles along cytoskeletal tracks.

Properties and dynamics: the sejtplazma is a crowded, viscous environment with a characteristic ionic composition and pH that support enzymatic activity. Its organization is highly dynamic, influencing reaction rates and the intracellular distribution of materials.