Sejtklón

Sejtklón refers to a population of cells that are genetically identical to each other, originating from a single ancestral cell. This process of creating a population of identical cells is known as cloning. In biological contexts, this often occurs naturally. For instance, during the development of a multicellular organism, a zygote undergoes repeated cell divisions, producing a vast number of genetically identical cells that form the various tissues and organs. Similarly, some simpler organisms, like bacteria, reproduce asexually through binary fission, where one cell divides into two identical daughter cells. This results in a colony of sejtklón.

In research and biotechnology, sejtklón are often generated intentionally. This can be achieved through techniques like cell culture, where a single cell is isolated and grown in a laboratory medium to produce a large number of identical cells. Alternatively, somatic cell nuclear transfer, the technology used to create Dolly the sheep, involves transferring the nucleus of a somatic cell into an enucleated egg cell, which then develops into an embryo and ultimately an organism composed of sejtklón. These artificially created sejtklón are valuable tools for studying gene function, developing therapeutic proteins, and in regenerative medicine. The genetic uniformity within a sejtklón population is crucial for ensuring consistent experimental results and for maintaining the integrity of cellular functions.