Sejtjelátvitel

Sejtjelátvitel, often translated as cell signaling or intercellular communication, refers to the complex system by which cells within a multicellular organism communicate with each other and respond to their environment. This process is fundamental to virtually all biological functions, from development and growth to immune responses and maintaining homeostasis.

Signaling typically involves a signaling molecule, such as a hormone, neurotransmitter, or growth factor, which is released by a signaling cell. This molecule then travels to a target cell, where it binds to a specific receptor protein on the surface or within the cell. This binding event initiates a cascade of intracellular events, known as signal transduction.

Signal transduction pathways often involve a series of protein modifications, such as phosphorylation or dephosphorylation, which amplify and relay the initial signal. These pathways ultimately lead to a specific cellular response, which can include changes in gene expression, enzyme activity, cell movement, or cell division.

Errors in sejtjelátvitel can lead to various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and autoimmune disorders. Understanding these pathways is therefore crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies. The study of sejtjelátvitel is a vast and active field of research, encompassing molecular biology, biochemistry, and physiology.