Secessionists

Secessionists are supporters of secession, the withdrawal of a territory from a state or the dissolution of a political union. They may seek to establish a separate state, autonomy within a larger state, or a redefined political arrangement. They may come from ethnic, linguistic, religious, historical, or economic groups, but motivation varies widely.

Secessionist movements employ a range of tactics, including political advocacy, elections, referendums, diplomacy, and in some cases armed struggle or civil disobedience. The legality and legitimacy of secession depends on constitutional provisions and international law; many states prohibit unilateral secession, while others have provisions for negotiations or referendums. The principle of self-determination under international law can support secession in some cases, but it does not automatically justify unilateral secession or require recognition by other states.

Notable examples include the Scottish independence movement, the Catalan independence movement in Spain, and Quebec's historical campaigns in Canada. The movement for East Timor's independence from Indonesia led to international intervention and eventual recognition as Timor-Leste.

Secession movements can lead to negotiations, autonomy arrangements, or, in some episodes, conflict or international mediation. Contemporary secessionism raises questions about minority rights, economic viability, and territorial integrity. Outcomes vary: some succeed in achieving independence or broad autonomy; others are resolved within existing national frameworks, leaving the region as part of the parent state.