ScottishAmerican

Scottish American refers to Americans who trace their ancestry to Scotland or to people born in Scotland who later settled in the United States. The term encompasses a broad range of cultural identities, including long-established communities and newer immigrant groups, and it is often used to describe shared heritage rather than nationality.

Historically, Scottish immigration occurred in several waves from the 17th century onward. Early settlers included merchants and soldiers; later migrations in the 18th and 19th centuries helped urban and industrial growth on both coasts and in the Midwest. The Scots-Irish, whose ancestors originated in Ulster, formed communities in the Appalachian region and shaped religious and cultural life. Scottish Americans contributed to industry, education, and public affairs, and pipe bands, dances, and Scottish place names remained visible in many communities.

Cultural influence is seen in religion, education, and the arts. Presbyterian and other Scottish-descended churches were among the earliest in colonial and American life. Scottish surnames, literature, and civic ideals helped shape American institutions. Notable Scottish Americans include industrialist and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie and inventor Alexander Graham Bell, who had strong Scottish roots and connections.

Today, Scottish American identity is maintained through festivals, pipe bands, fraternal and cultural societies such as St. Andrew’s societies, and heritage programs across the United States. Place names, architecture, and cuisine in some regions reflect Scottish influence. Estimates place the number of Americans with Scottish ancestry in the several millions.