Schwarzschildlösningen

The Schwarzschild solution is a fundamental exact solution to Albert Einstein's field equations of general relativity. Discovered by Karl Schwarzschild in 1916, it describes the gravitational field outside a spherical, non-rotating, and uncharged mass. This solution is spherically symmetric and static, meaning it does not change with time and has the same properties in all directions.

The key feature of the Schwarzschild solution is the existence of an event horizon, a boundary in spacetime beyond which events cannot affect an outside observer. This boundary is located at the Schwarzschild radius, which is proportional to the mass of the object. For any object with a mass concentrated within its Schwarzschild radius, it is predicted to collapse into a black hole.

The Schwarzschild solution is a cornerstone of black hole physics. It provides a simplified but accurate model for understanding the basic properties of black holes, such as their singularity at the center and the nature of the event horizon. While it doesn't account for rotation or charge, which are important for more realistic astrophysical black holes (described by the Kerr solution for rotating black holes), the Schwarzschild solution remains a vital theoretical tool for exploring the extreme gravitational environments predicted by general relativity. It has been extensively tested and verified through observations of astrophysical phenomena.