SchlemmKanalSystem

SchlemmKanalSystem, also known as the canal of Schlemm, is the conventional outflow pathway for aqueous humor in the eye. It comprises the trabecular meshwork, Schlemm's canal, the collector channels, and the downstream episcleral venous system. The system serves as the principal route for drainage from the anterior chamber and helps regulate intraocular pressure.

Anatomy and location: Schlemm's canal is a circular channel at the iridocorneal angle, where the cornea meets the sclera. Aqueous humor passes from the anterior chamber through the trabecular meshwork into Schlemm's canal and drains via collector channels into episcleral veins. The canal is lined by endothelium and interacts with surrounding tissues to modulate outflow resistance.

Physiology: Aqueous humor is produced by the ciliary body and flows into the anterior chamber. Draining through the SchlemmKanalSystem depends on the pressure gradient between intraocular pressure and episcleral venous pressure. Outflow resistance is mainly at the trabecular meshwork and the inner wall of Schlemm's canal, with dynamic changes in canal diameter and endothelium affecting flow.

Clinical relevance: Alterations in the SchlemmKanalSystem can raise intraocular pressure and contribute to glaucoma, particularly primary open-angle glaucoma. Diagnosis includes gonioscopy and imaging of the anterior chamber angle (such as anterior segment optical coherence tomography). Treatments aim to enhance outflow through this system using medications, laser therapy, or surgical procedures like canaloplasty or trabeculotomy to reduce intraocular pressure.

History: The system is named after Friedrich Schlemm, a German anatomist.