SbV

SbV is a shorthand designation in inorganic chemistry used to indicate antimony in the +5 oxidation state. It refers to compounds in which antimony lies in the Sb(V) oxidation state, the highest common oxidation state for the element. Sb(V) chemistry is distinct from Sb(III) chemistry and is characterized by strong Lewis acidity and a tendency to hydrolyze in aqueous media, forming oxide and oxyanion species depending on pH and ligands.

Representative Sb(V) compounds include halides such as antimony pentachloride (SbCl5) and antimony pentafluoride (SbF5), as well as oxides such as antimony pentoxide (Sb2O5). In solution, Sb(V) can form various antimonate and oxo- anions, for example under basic conditions. These compounds find use as powerful Lewis acids in organic synthesis and as catalysts in oxidation and related processes.

Sb(V) oxides and oxyanion species are also encountered in materials science, where antimony oxides contribute to ceramic and glass compositions and to certain catalytic roles. The chemistry of Sb(V) contrasts with Sb(III), which tends to form different coordination environments and redox behaviors.

Safety and handling: Antimony compounds, including those in the Sb(V) oxidation state, are toxic and can cause irritation to skin, eyes, and the respiratory system. Proper protective equipment and ventilation are required, and waste should be treated as hazardous waste in accordance with regulatory guidelines.

See also: Antimony, Antimony(III) chemistry, Antimonates, Antimony oxides.