Saphenopopliteal

Saphenopopliteal is an anatomical term used to describe the region where the small (short) saphenous vein drains into the venous system behind the knee, typically at the saphenopopliteal junction in the popliteal fossa. The term may also be encountered in reference to the terminal segment of the small saphenous vein itself.

Anatomy and variation: The small saphenous vein usually originates from the lateral marginal vein of the foot, ascends along the posterior calf, and travels behind the lateral malleolus to join the popliteal vein in the popliteal region. The exact junction can vary among individuals; in some cases the small saphenous vein may drain into the popliteal vein directly, while in others it may connect to the femoral or posterior tibial venous system via a saphenopopliteal confluence.

Clinical significance: The small saphenous vein and its junction can develop varicosities and venous reflux, contributing to leg swelling, pain, and dermatitis. Disorders of the saphenopopliteal junction may be implicated in venous insufficiency affecting the posterior leg and calf. Treatment options for problematic segments include duplex-guided ablation, surgical ligation, or phlebectomy, often performed near the saphenopopliteal junction.

Imaging and evaluation: Duplex ultrasonography is the primary modality for assessing patency and reflux at the saphenopopliteal junction. Additional imaging, such as venography or MRI, may be employed in complex cases or prior to surgical planning.

See also: Great saphenous vein, saphenofemoral junction, popliteal vein, varicose veins, venous insufficiency.