Sangyo

Sangyō, written 産業 and read sangyō, is a Japanese term meaning industry. It denotes the broad set of economic activities that produce goods and services within an economy. In formal usage it covers not only manufacturing but also services, energy, construction, and other productive activities. Economies are commonly described by three broad sectors: 第一産業 (primary industry: agriculture, forestry, and fishing), 第二産業 (secondary industry: manufacturing and related activities), and 第三次産業 (tertiary industry: services).

The word is used in phrases such as 産業政策 (industrial policy), 産業界 (the industrial sector), and 産業革命 (Industrial Revolution). The term is derived from the kanji 産, production or yield, and 業, business or occupation. In statistics and policy, 産業 is sometimes contrasted with 工業; 工業 more narrowly denotes manufacturing, while 産業 refers to the broader field of economic activity.

In modern Japan, the term appears prominently in government and policy contexts, including the ministry name 経済産業省 (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry). It also appears in economic reports, corporate discourse, and media discussions of economic transformation and industrial policy.