Samostatným

Samostatným is the instrumental singular form of the Czech adjective samostatný, meaning independent, autonomous, or self-reliant. It is used to modify a noun in the instrumental case or in constructions that express manner, means, or accompanying circumstance.

Morphology and forms: samostatný declines like a standard hard-stem adjective. Instrumental singular masculine and neuter take the ending -ným, yielding samostatným. The feminine instrumental singular is samostatnou. In plural, instrumental forms typically appear as samostatnými. The word is closely related to the noun samostatnost (independence) and to other related forms such as samostatný, samostatně, and samostatnost.

Usage notes: samostatným is common in formal or written Czech, particularly in phrases that describe how something is done or the means by which a matter is handled. Examples include samostatným způsobem (in an independent manner) and samostatným rozhodováním (through independent decision-making). The adverbial equivalent meaning “independently” is samostatně, which is used to modify verbs rather than nouns.

Relation to related terms: samostatný describes a quality of independence or autonomy, while samostatnost denotes the state or quality of being independent. The instrumental form samostatným allows these ideas to function within sentences that require the instrumental case, such as phrases indicating means, method, or manner.

See also: samostatný, samostatnost, samostatně, independent autonomy, Czech adjective declension.