Sammutusaine

Sammutusaine is a Finnish term that translates to "extinguishing agent" or "fire extinguishing agent" in English. It refers to any substance used to extinguish or control a fire. These agents work by interrupting the chemical or physical process of combustion, typically by removing one or more elements of the fire triangle: heat, fuel, or oxygen.

There are various types of extinguishing agents, each suited for different classes of fire. Water is a common and effective agent for Class A fires (ordinary combustibles like wood and paper) by cooling the fuel. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is used for Class B (flammable liquids) and Class C (electrical) fires, as it displaces oxygen and has a cooling effect. Dry chemical agents, such as those containing monoammonium phosphate or sodium bicarbonate, are versatile and can be used on multiple fire classes, including Class D (combustible metals) with specialized formulations. Foam is effective for Class B fires by forming a blanket that smothers the flames and prevents re-ignition. Wet chemical agents are specifically designed for Class K fires (cooking oils and fats) in commercial kitchens.

The selection of an appropriate sammutusaine is critical for effective fire suppression and to prevent exacerbating the situation, such as using water on an electrical fire which could conduct electricity. Fire extinguishers are the most common portable devices containing these agents. In larger-scale firefighting, water, foam, and specialized chemicals are delivered through hoses and pumping systems.