SOS12

SOS12 is a gene that encodes a protein belonging to the Sons of Sevenless (SOS) family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). These proteins play a crucial role in regulating the activity of Ras GTPases, which are key components of signal transduction pathways involved in cell growth, differentiation, and survival. The SOS12 protein specifically interacts with and activates Ras proteins by catalyzing the exchange of GDP for GTP, thereby switching them to their active state. This activation then triggers downstream signaling cascades.

The SOS12 gene is found in various organisms, and its protein product is conserved across species, highlighting its fundamental importance in cellular signaling. Dysregulation of SOS12 activity or expression has been implicated in the development of certain diseases, particularly cancers. Aberrant Ras signaling due to mutations or altered SOS12 function can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Research into SOS12 and its role in Ras signaling continues to be an active area of study for understanding normal cellular processes and identifying potential therapeutic targets for diseases associated with Ras pathway deregulation.