SIDIS

SIDIS stands for Semi-Inclusive Deep-Inelastic Scattering. It is a type of high-energy physics experiment that probes the internal structure of protons and neutrons. In a SIDIS experiment, leptons, typically electrons or muons, are scattered off a target hadron, like a proton or neutron. The key characteristic of SIDIS is that in addition to the scattered lepton, one or more hadrons are also detected in the final state. This allows physicists to study the distribution of quarks and gluons, the fundamental constituents of hadrons, and their interactions.

The process involves a virtual photon, emitted by the incoming lepton, interacting with a quark or antiquark inside the hadron. This interaction can lead to the production of a shower of other particles, including hadrons. By analyzing the momentum and type of the scattered lepton and the produced hadrons, scientists can infer information about the momentum distribution of partons within the target. SIDIS experiments are crucial for understanding the nucleon structure functions, which describe how the momentum of a hadron is shared among its constituent quarks and gluons. These studies provide insights into the strong nuclear force and the dynamics of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD).