Síkkromatográfia

Síkkromatográfia, known in English as planar chromatography, is a type of chromatography where the stationary phase is distributed on a flat or porous surface. The most common forms are paper chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. In these techniques, a mobile phase, usually a liquid solvent or a mixture of solvents, is drawn up the stationary phase by capillary action. A sample containing the substances to be separated is applied to the stationary phase. As the mobile phase moves, it carries the components of the sample with it at different rates depending on their interactions with both the stationary and mobile phases. Substances that are more soluble in the mobile phase and have weaker interactions with the stationary phase will travel further up the plate or paper. Conversely, substances that are less soluble in the mobile phase and have stronger interactions with the stationary phase will move slower and travel shorter distances. This differential migration allows for the separation and identification of various components within a mixture. Síkkromatográfia is a widely used analytical technique in chemistry, biochemistry, and pharmaceutical analysis due to its simplicity, low cost, and effectiveness in separating and visualizing compounds.