SäureBasenHaushalt

The SäureBasenHaushalt, or acid-base balance, refers to the physiological process that maintains the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in the body's fluids within a narrow range. This balance is critical for the proper functioning of all cellular processes, enzyme activity, and overall homeostasis. The body tightly regulates pH, which is a measure of acidity or alkalinity, typically keeping blood pH between 7.35 and 7.45.

Several buffer systems work continuously to prevent drastic pH changes. The primary buffer systems include bicarbonate, phosphate, and proteins. When acids are produced or introduced into the body, these buffers can bind excess hydrogen ions, minimizing pH fluctuations. The respiratory system also plays a crucial role by regulating the exhalation of carbon dioxide (CO2), a volatile acid. If CO2 levels rise, leading to increased acidity, breathing rate increases to expel more CO2. Conversely, if CO2 levels fall and the body becomes too alkaline, breathing slows down.

The kidneys are another vital component of acid-base regulation, primarily through the reabsorption of bicarbonate and the excretion of hydrogen ions. This process is slower than buffering or respiratory regulation but is essential for long-term pH control. Imbalances in the SäureBasenHaushalt can lead to conditions like acidosis (excess acidity) or alkalosis (excess alkalinity), which can have serious health consequences if not corrected. These imbalances can arise from various factors, including metabolic disorders, respiratory diseases, or kidney dysfunction.