Säästöviljely

Säästöviljely, meaning "conservation tillage" in English, is a farming practice that aims to reduce soil disturbance from plowing and other tillage operations. The primary goal is to leave a significant portion of crop residue on the soil surface. This contrasts with conventional tillage, which involves turning over the soil extensively.

There are several types of conservation tillage. No-till farming involves planting directly into undisturbed soil, with no prior plowing or disking. Minimum tillage reduces the intensity and frequency of tillage operations, often using tools that disturb the soil less than a moldboard plow. Strip-tillage involves tilling only narrow strips where seeds are planted, leaving the areas between the rows undisturbed.

The benefits of säästöviljely are numerous. It helps to conserve soil moisture by reducing evaporation from the soil surface. The residue layer also protects the soil from erosion by wind and water, as it acts as a barrier. This increased soil cover improves soil structure over time, leading to better water infiltration and aeration. Furthermore, by reducing the need for fuel and labor associated with plowing, conservation tillage can lower farming costs. It can also contribute to increased soil organic matter, which enhances soil fertility and health.