Rotavirukset

Rotaviruses are a group of viruses that cause severe gastroenteritis, particularly in young children. They are the leading cause of viral diarrhea worldwide, responsible for a significant number of hospitalizations and deaths in infants and young children. Rotaviruses belong to the family Reoviridae and are non-enveloped, with a double-stranded RNA genome. They are highly contagious and can be transmitted through contaminated food, water, or surfaces, as well as through direct contact with infected individuals.

The virus infects the intestinal epithelial cells, leading to inflammation and damage to the intestinal lining. This results in symptoms such as watery diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and abdominal pain. The duration of illness is typically short, ranging from a few days to a week. Rotavirus infection is most common in children under the age of five, but it can affect individuals of all ages.

Prevention of rotavirus infection involves vaccination. Rotavirus vaccines are available and have been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis. These vaccines are typically administered as a series of doses to children in their early months of life. In addition to vaccination, good hygiene practices, such as hand washing and avoiding contact with contaminated surfaces, can help prevent the spread of rotaviruses.

Treatment of rotavirus infection focuses on managing symptoms and preventing dehydration. This may include oral rehydration solutions, antiemetics for vomiting, and supportive care. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required for intravenous fluids and electrolyte replacement. There is no specific antiviral treatment for rotavirus infection, as the virus is resistant to most antiviral drugs.