Rituximabs

Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody medication used to treat certain autoimmune diseases and cancers. It targets a protein called CD20, which is found on the surface of B lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. By binding to CD20, rituximab triggers the destruction of these B cells. This can be beneficial in conditions where B cells play a role in the disease process.

For cancers, rituximab is primarily used in the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. By reducing the number of cancerous B cells, it can help to control the progression of these blood cancers. In autoimmune diseases, rituximab is used for conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and microscopic polyangiitis. In these diseases, B cells can contribute to inflammation and tissue damage, and their depletion can alleviate symptoms and prevent further harm.

Rituximab is typically administered intravenously. Common side effects can include infusion-related reactions such as fever, chills, and rash. It can also increase the risk of infections because B cells play a role in the immune system. Patients receiving rituximab are closely monitored for these potential side effects and for signs of infection. The medication is a significant therapeutic option for several challenging medical conditions, offering a targeted approach to disease management by modulating the B cell population.