Rekurzíve

Rekurzíve is a programming concept where a function calls itself. This self-referential process allows for elegant solutions to problems that can be broken down into smaller, similar subproblems. Think of it like a set of Russian nesting dolls, where each doll contains a smaller version of itself.

A recursive function typically has two main parts: a base case and a recursive step. The base case is a condition that stops the recursion, preventing an infinite loop. Without a base case, the function would call itself indefinitely, leading to a stack overflow error. The recursive step is where the function calls itself with a modified input, moving closer to the base case.

Common examples of problems solved using recursion include calculating factorials, traversing tree data structures, and implementing algorithms like quicksort and mergesort. While recursion can lead to concise and readable code, it's important to consider its potential drawbacks. Recursive calls can consume more memory due to the overhead of function calls on the program's call stack. In some cases, an iterative approach (using loops) might be more efficient in terms of performance and memory usage. Understanding the trade-offs is key to effectively employing recursion in software development.