Reaksiyon

Reaksiyon is a term used in several languages to denote a reaction or response. In scientific contexts it refers to processes in which substances transform into new substances, or in which a system responds to a stimulus. The concept encompasses chemical reactions, as well as biological, physical, and social responses.

Etymology traces reaksiyon to Latin reactio, through French reaction and into many modern languages, where spelling varies. This lineage reflects the basic idea of responding to a cause: a starting condition that leads to a change or effect.

In chemistry, a chemical reaction involves the rearrangement of atoms to form products from given reactants, usually described by a balanced equation. Reactions are governed by kinetics and thermodynamics. Factors such as concentration, temperature, pressure, surface area, and catalysts influence the rate. Activation energy is the energy barrier that must be overcome for the reaction to proceed. Reactions can be exothermic or endothermic and may reach a state of equilibrium where forward and reverse rates are equal.

In biology and physiology, a reaction can mean a response to a stimulus, including reflex actions or more complex signaling pathways. In this context, reaction time—how long it takes to respond after a stimulus—is a common measure in experiments and everyday activities.

In social and political contexts, reaksiyon can describe how individuals or groups respond to events, policies, or information. Public opinion shifts, protests, or policy adjustments are all examples of social reactions.

Overall, the idea of reaksiyon centers on a cause-and-effect relationship: a trigger that induces a change or response in a system, whether chemical, biological, physical, or social.