Raumfahrtsubsysteme

Raumfahrtsubsysteme, also known as spacecraft subsystems, are the individual functional components that together enable a spacecraft to operate in space. Each subsystem is designed to perform a specific task crucial for the overall mission success. These can include power generation and distribution, attitude determination and control, thermal control, command and data handling, propulsion, structures, and telecommunications. The power subsystem, for example, might consist of solar panels and batteries to provide electrical energy. The attitude determination and control subsystem (ADCS) uses sensors like star trackers and gyroscopes, along with actuators such as reaction wheels or thrusters, to orient the spacecraft correctly. Thermal control is essential to maintain components within their operational temperature ranges, often employing radiators, heaters, and insulation. The command and data handling subsystem acts as the spacecraft's brain, processing commands from ground control and managing onboard data. Propulsion systems are used for orbital maneuvers, station-keeping, and attitude control. The structure provides the physical framework for all other subsystems, while telecommunications enable communication with the ground. The design and integration of these subsystems are complex engineering challenges, requiring careful consideration of mass, power, reliability, and cost for each mission.