RSPO3

RSPO3, also known as R-spondin 3, is a secreted protein encoded by the RSPO3 gene. It is a member of the R-spondin family, which are involved in cell signaling pathways, particularly the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. RSPO3 plays a role in various developmental processes, including embryonic development, limb formation, and angiogenesis.

The protein functions as a ligand that binds to leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 4 (LGR4), LGR5, and LGR6. This binding enhances the Wnt signaling pathway by stabilizing beta-catenin and promoting its accumulation in the nucleus, where it can regulate gene expression. RSPO3 has been shown to be important for the proper development of the cardiovascular system, contributing to the formation of blood vessels. It also plays a role in skeletal development and the maintenance of stem cell populations.

Dysregulation of RSPO3 has been implicated in certain diseases. Mutations in the RSPO3 gene have been linked to connective tissue disorders such as Klippel-Feil syndrome, which affects the development of the cervical vertebrae. Furthermore, RSPO3 has been investigated for its potential role in cancer, where its involvement in Wnt signaling could influence tumor growth and progression. Research continues to explore the precise mechanisms by which RSPO3 exerts its functions and its implications in both normal development and disease states.