RNAvälitteinen

RNAvälitteinen refers to processes or phenomena mediated by ribonucleic acid (RNA). RNA is a nucleic acid essential in various biological roles, including coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes. Unlike DNA, RNA is typically single-stranded and has a uracil base instead of thymine.

In molecular biology, RNA molecules play diverse roles. Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis. Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein translation. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a structural and catalytic component of ribosomes.

Beyond these fundamental roles, RNA is involved in regulatory mechanisms. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally, often by degrading target mRNAs or inhibiting their translation. This RNA interference (RNAi) pathway is crucial for controlling cellular processes and defending against viruses.

Other RNA types, such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), also participate in gene regulation, chromatin remodeling, and other complex cellular functions. The study of RNAvälitteinen processes is central to understanding gene expression, cellular development, and disease. Research in this area has led to the development of novel therapeutic strategies, including RNA-based drugs.