RARgamma

RARgamma, also known as Retinoic Acid Receptor Gamma, is a nuclear receptor protein that plays a crucial role in various developmental and physiological processes. It is a member of the retinoid receptor superfamily, which also includes RARalpha, RARbeta, and RXRs (Retinoid X Receptors). RARgamma is activated by retinoic acid, a derivative of vitamin A.

This receptor functions as a ligand-activated transcription factor. Upon binding to retinoic acid, RARgamma forms a heterodimer with an RXR protein and then binds to specific DNA sequences called retinoic acid response elements (RAREs) in the promoter regions of target genes. This binding modulates the transcription of these genes, influencing a wide range of cellular functions.

RARgamma is particularly important during embryonic development, where it is involved in regulating cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. It plays a significant role in the development of the central nervous system, skin, and limbs. Aberrant RARgamma signaling has been implicated in various developmental disorders and certain types of cancer. Beyond development, RARgamma is also involved in maintaining adult tissue homeostasis, including functions in the immune system and metabolic regulation. Research continues to explore the multifaceted roles of RARgamma in health and disease.