Röntgenmonokromaattorit

Röntgenmonokromaattorit are devices used in X-ray spectroscopy and diffraction to select a narrow band of X-ray wavelengths from a broader spectrum. They are essential for experiments requiring monochromatic X-rays, which means X-rays of a single or very limited range of wavelengths.

The most common type of röntgenmonokromaattori utilizes Bragg diffraction from crystalline samples. According to Bragg's law, X-rays with a specific wavelength (λ) will be diffracted at a particular angle (θ) by the atomic planes within a crystal lattice, where the spacing between these planes is denoted by (d). The relationship is given by nλ = 2d sin(θ), where n is an integer representing the order of diffraction. By carefully selecting the crystal material and its orientation relative to the incoming X-ray beam, one can isolate a desired wavelength.

Different crystal materials are chosen based on the energy range of the X-rays to be monochromatized. Common materials include silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), graphite, and various salts like potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP). The choice depends on factors such as d-spacing, crystal perfection, and resistance to radiation damage.

Röntgenmonokromaattorit are critical components in synchrotron radiation facilities, X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs), and laboratory X-ray sources. They enable precise elemental analysis, determination of crystal structures, and various advanced materials science investigations. The resolution of a röntgenmonokromaattori, indicating the narrowness of the selected wavelength band, is a crucial parameter for the performance of X-ray experiments. Higher resolution typically means a more perfect crystal and a more precise alignment.