Quarkuri

Quarkuri are fundamental particles of matter, belonging to the family of elementary particles known as fermions. They are not found in isolation but are always bound together to form composite particles called hadrons. Protons and neutrons, the building blocks of atomic nuclei, are examples of hadrons made up of quarks.

There are six types, or "flavors," of quarks: up, down, charm, strange, top, and bottom. Each flavor also has an antiparticle, called an antiquark, with opposite charge and other quantum properties. Quarks are classified into three generations, with each successive generation being significantly more massive than the one before. The up and down quarks form the first generation, which are the lightest and most stable, making up ordinary matter. The charm and strange quarks constitute the second generation, and the top and bottom quarks form the third, heaviest generation.

Quarks possess a property called "color charge," which is not related to visual color but is a fundamental characteristic that dictates how they interact via the strong nuclear force. This force is mediated by particles called gluons, which bind quarks together. Due to a phenomenon called color confinement, quarks cannot be observed as free particles; they are always confined within hadrons. The electric charges of quarks are fractional, unlike the integer charges of leptons. For instance, an up quark has a charge of +2/3 that of an electron, while a down quark has a charge of -1/3.