PublicHealth
Public health is the science and practice of protecting and improving the health of populations through collective actions. It seeks to prevent disease and injuries, extend life expectancy, and promote health equity by addressing biological, environmental, social, and behavioral determinants of health.
Public health uses surveillance, research, policy development, and service provision. Core activities include monitoring health status,
Public health operates through local, regional, national, and international systems, typically led by government health agencies,
Historically, public health has progressed from clean water and sanitation to vaccination, surveillance, and chronic disease
Public health governance blends public funding with responsibilities for prevention and preparedness. Its success depends on
Outcomes are tracked with indicators such as life expectancy, infant mortality, disease incidence, and measures of