Protoonkogeeneista

Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that play a crucial role in cell growth, division, and differentiation. In their natural state, they are essential for the proper development and functioning of multicellular organisms. These genes are involved in various cellular processes, including signal transduction pathways that regulate cell proliferation and survival. Think of them as the gas pedal for cell growth, ensuring that cells divide when needed.

However, mutations can occur in proto-oncogenes, transforming them into oncogenes. These oncogenes are altered versions of proto-oncogenes that can promote uncontrolled cell growth and division, a hallmark of cancer. When a proto-oncogene mutates or is overexpressed, it can become hyperactive, leading to excessive cell proliferation. This can happen through various mechanisms, such as point mutations, gene amplification, or chromosomal translocations.

The conversion of a proto-oncogene to an oncogene is often a critical step in the development of cancer. Unlike tumor suppressor genes, which act as brakes on cell growth, oncogenes function as accelerators. A single copy of an altered proto-oncogene is often sufficient to drive abnormal cell growth, making them dominant in their effect. Understanding the function of proto-oncogenes and how they can become oncogenes is vital for cancer research and the development of targeted therapies.