Proteoglykaaneilla

Proteoglycans are a diverse group of glycoproteins found in connective tissues throughout the body. They consist of a core protein to which one or more glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains are covalently attached. These GAG chains are long, unbranched polysaccharides composed of repeating disaccharide units, often containing a uronic acid and an amino sugar. The negative charges on the sulfate and carboxyl groups of the GAG chains are a critical feature of proteoglycans.

The highly hydrophilic nature of the GAG chains allows proteoglycans to bind large amounts of water, forming a hydrated gel-like matrix. This property is essential for their functions, which include providing structural support and resisting compression in tissues like cartilage, bone, and skin. They play a role in cell signaling, cell adhesion, and regulating the activity of growth factors and other signaling molecules. Different types of proteoglycans exist, varying in their core protein structure, GAG chain composition, and tissue distribution, leading to specialized roles in various biological processes.