Propanon

Propanon, also known as propanone or acetone, is the simplest ketone. Its chemical formula is CH3-CO-CH3 (C3H6O). It is a colorless, highly volatile liquid with a distinctive sweet odor. Acetone boils at 56.05°C and is miscible with water and many organic solvents. It is highly flammable and provides a versatile, widely used solvent in laboratories and industry.

Production and occurrence: Industrially, acetone is produced mainly as a byproduct of the cumene process for phenol and acetone, derived from propylene and benzene through cumene hydroperoxide chemistry. It can also be formed by catalytic dehydrogenation of isopropanol. In nature, small amounts are produced in human and animal metabolism.

Reactions and uses: Acetone is a staple solvent for polymers, coatings, inks, cleaners, and nail polish removers, among other applications. In organic synthesis, it participates in aldol reactions; under basic conditions, acetone can undergo self-condensation to form diacetone alcohol and subsequently mesityl oxide. It can also react with hydrogen cyanide to give acetone cyanohydrin, a precursor in the production of methyl methacrylate and related compounds. Beyond its role as a solvent and intermediate, acetone is used as a cleaning agent and a drying solvent in various manufacturing processes.

Safety and handling: Acetone is highly flammable and its vapors can form explosive mixtures with air. It can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract with prolonged or high-level exposure. It should be stored in a well-ventilated area away from heat, sparks, and open flames.